Students answer these questions after doing the pre-lab reading, and before the lab.
Choose the best definition for each.
(1) Newton's First Law
(2) Newton's Second Law
(3) Newton's Second Law
(4) Stable Position of a mechanical system
(5) Hooke's Law for Springs
(6) Restoring Force in a mechanical system
(7) Potential Energy of a mechanical system
(8) Kinetic Energy of a mechanical system
(9) Natural Frequency of a mechanical system
(10) Resonance of a mechanical system
(A) a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
(B) a heavier object will fall more quickly than a lighter object.
(C) the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force.
(D) a periodic motion in which the displacement is symmetrical about a point
(E) the configuration in which a system comes to rest
(F) mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion
(G) the specific frequency at which a system started into motion vibrates
(H) stored energy that a body has by virtue of its position
(I) the principle that the change in size of a solid is proportional to the force applied to it
(J) a force always directed towards the stable position.
(K) action and reaction are equal and opposite.
This lab studies Harmonic Motion with three discrete systems:
In all cases, you will observe and record both frequency and displacement over time.
Pendulum Motion
You will vary the mass, the length of the pendulum, and the starting displacement.
For your convenience, this table gives you values to try.
Record the time for ten swings (in seconds).
L
m
A
T(10)
50
500
10
50
500
10
50
1000
10
50
1000
10
100
500
20
100
500
20
100
1000
20
100
1000
20
Water in U-Tube
You will vary the amount of water in the tube, and the starting displacement.
You can fill the open tube from the top, the two sides will equalize.
You can drain water by using the valve at the bottom.
To provide an initial displacement, use the valve to close the top of one tube,
then use the rubber bulb to pump in air to force the level down,
and then open the valve to begin operation.
H
A
T(10)
25
10
25
20
50
20
Mass on a Spring
You will vary the mass, and the spring stiffness.
For the first group (rows 1 to 4) use a single spring.
Note the relaxed length, then add 500 grams and note the length, then add another 500 grams and note the length.
You will compute K from these extensions.
Observe the time for both the 5 and 10 Amplitude.
Now add a second spring in parallel to the first.
Again note the length with no weight, 500, and 1000 grams.
Then observe times for 5 and 10 Amplitude.
M
K
A
T(10)
500
5
500
10
1000
5
1000
10
500
5
500
10
1000
5
1000
10
The three following question groups all concern several mechanical systems of a mass and some kind of a restoring force:
Questions 1, 2 and 3 concern a certain pendulum, which takes one second per complete swing.
Questions 4, 5 and 6 concern a certain mass and spring system, which takes one second per complete bounce.
Questions 7, 8 and 9 concern a certain water-filled U-tube, which takes one second per complete rise and fall cycle.
In each question, we consider the effect of changing only one of the properties of the original system, asking, now how long will the time be for each cycle?
For each of these questions, choose the closest correct answer from these choices:
A - 0.5 sec
B - 0.71 sec
C - 1 sec
D - 1.41 sec
E - 2 sec
Questions 1, 2 and 3 concern a certain pendulum, which takes one second per complete swing.
(1) Keep the original weight, but make the supporting string twice as long. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
(2) Keep the original supporting string, but make the weight twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
(3) We start this pendulum swinging through a distance of two inches to either side, but after awhile, due to friction, it is swinging only one inch to either side. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
Questions 4, 5 and 6 concern a certain mass and spring system, which takes one second per complete bounce.
(4) Keep the original weight, but make the supporting spring twice as stiff, so that a given force only moves it half as far. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
(5) Keep the original supporting spring, but make the weight twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
(6) We start this weight moving through a vertical distance of two inches above and below the stable point, but after awhile, due to friction, it is moving only one inch above and below the stable point. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
Questions 7, 8 and 9 concern a certain water-filled U-tube, which takes one second per complete rise and fall cycle.
(7) Keep the original U-tube, or one just like it, but use a liquid with twice the density of water, meaning the same volume will be twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?
(8) Use a larger U-tube with twice the cross-sectional area, so that filling it to a given height holds twice the volume of liquid, compared to the original tube. Keep the original liquid, which was water. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?
(9) We start this liquid moving through a vertical distance of two inches above and below the stable point, but after awhile, due to friction, it is moving only one inch above and below the stable point. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?
Choose the best definition for each.
(1) Newton's First Law
(2) Newton's Second Law
(3) Newton's Second Law
(4) Stable Position of a mechanical system
(5) Hooke's Law for Springs
(6) Restoring Force in a mechanical system
(7) Potential Energy of a mechanical system
(8) Kinetic Energy of a mechanical system
(9) Natural Frequency of a mechanical system
(10) Resonance of a mechanical system
(A) a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
(B) a heavier object will fall more quickly than a lighter object.
(C) the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force.
(D) a periodic motion in which the displacement is symmetrical about a point
(E) the configuration in which a system comes to rest
(F) mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion
(G) the specific frequency at which a system started into motion vibrates
(H) stored energy that a body has by virtue of its position
(I) the principle that the change in size of a solid is proportional to the force applied to it
(J) a force always directed towards the stable position.
(K) action and reaction are equal and opposite.
This lab studies Harmonic Motion with three discrete systems:
In all cases, you will observe and record both frequency and displacement over time.
- Pendulum Motion
You will vary the mass, the length of the pendulum, and the starting displacement.For your convenience, this table gives you values to try.
Record the time for ten swings (in seconds).
- Water in U-Tube
You will vary the amount of water in the tube, and the starting displacement.You can fill the open tube from the top, the two sides will equalize.
You can drain water by using the valve at the bottom.
To provide an initial displacement, use the valve to close the top of one tube,
then use the rubber bulb to pump in air to force the level down,
and then open the valve to begin operation.
- Mass on a Spring
You will vary the mass, and the spring stiffness.For the first group (rows 1 to 4) use a single spring.
Note the relaxed length, then add 500 grams and note the length, then add another 500 grams and note the length.
You will compute K from these extensions.
Observe the time for both the 5 and 10 Amplitude.
Now add a second spring in parallel to the first.
Again note the length with no weight, 500, and 1000 grams.
Then observe times for 5 and 10 Amplitude.
The three following question groups all concern several mechanical systems of a mass and some kind of a restoring force:
Questions 1, 2 and 3 concern a certain pendulum, which takes one second per complete swing.
Questions 4, 5 and 6 concern a certain mass and spring system, which takes one second per complete bounce.
Questions 7, 8 and 9 concern a certain water-filled U-tube, which takes one second per complete rise and fall cycle.
In each question, we consider the effect of changing only one of the properties of the original system, asking, now how long will the time be for each cycle?
For each of these questions, choose the closest correct answer from these choices:
A - 0.5 sec
B - 0.71 sec
C - 1 sec
D - 1.41 sec
E - 2 sec
Questions 1, 2 and 3 concern a certain pendulum, which takes one second per complete swing.
(1) Keep the original weight, but make the supporting string twice as long. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
(2) Keep the original supporting string, but make the weight twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
(3) We start this pendulum swinging through a distance of two inches to either side, but after awhile, due to friction, it is swinging only one inch to either side. Now how long will the time be for each swing?
Questions 4, 5 and 6 concern a certain mass and spring system, which takes one second per complete bounce.
(4) Keep the original weight, but make the supporting spring twice as stiff, so that a given force only moves it half as far. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
(5) Keep the original supporting spring, but make the weight twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
(6) We start this weight moving through a vertical distance of two inches above and below the stable point, but after awhile, due to friction, it is moving only one inch above and below the stable point. Now how long will the time be for each bounce?
Questions 7, 8 and 9 concern a certain water-filled U-tube, which takes one second per complete rise and fall cycle.
(7) Keep the original U-tube, or one just like it, but use a liquid with twice the density of water, meaning the same volume will be twice as heavy. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?
(8) Use a larger U-tube with twice the cross-sectional area, so that filling it to a given height holds twice the volume of liquid, compared to the original tube. Keep the original liquid, which was water. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?
(9) We start this liquid moving through a vertical distance of two inches above and below the stable point, but after awhile, due to friction, it is moving only one inch above and below the stable point. Now how long will the time be for each cycle?